CITIES GLOBALLY UNITED / 21

New city dossiers

The collection grows with evidence. These dossiers have no images yet, and each statement is tied to a named source and a verification level.

Same structure as the atlas

Each dossier gives a research question, conditions for transfer, what remains unknown and sources. It does not rank the city or describe it as a model.

Asia · Promise registry

Dhaka: Water, groundwater and a capital that relies on wells

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Dhaka draws most of its water from deep tube wells: an April 2026 report quotes about 70% from groundwater and 30% from surface water. The water table is falling, and two surface-water treatment projects meant to reduce that reliance are reported as only partly complete. The case links aquifers, utility planning and everyday household access.

Research question: How can a utility move from groundwater to surface water without leaving some neighbourhoods short of supply in the meantime?
Conditions for transfer: Source-water quality, plant delivery times, network losses, tariffs and the needs of households that rely on shared or informal connections must be examined together.
What remains unknown: Reported rates of decline differ between sources; one report quotes about one metre a year. A reconciled monitoring series, neighbourhood access and the real completion dates of the two plants remain research needs.
Source: The Daily Star · Dhaka Wasa turns to groundwater despite unfinished projects (2026-04-06)
Checked: 2026-10-06

Asia · Promise registry

Almaty: Air, heat and a coal-to-gas conversion

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A 2022 summary by the EBRD describes Almaty’s air problem and finances the conversion of the CHP-2 combined heat and power plant from coal to gas. It states that particulate matter was 17 times the WHO norm and that 24% of adults and almost 60% of children suffer from chronic lung diseases. The expected effects of the conversion are stated by the lender; they are plans, not measured results.

Research question: Do the reductions expected from converting one plant show up in measured air quality across the city’s districts and seasons?
Conditions for transfer: Other heating sources, traffic, terrain, monitoring coverage and the affordability of cleaner heat for households all matter.
What remains unknown: Independent measurements before and after commissioning, the plant’s actual operating mix and timeline, and the distribution of health effects across districts remain research needs.
Source: EBRD · EBRD channels €260 million to modernise Almaty CHP 2 (2022-11-25)
Checked: 2026-10-06

Europe · Promise registry

Rotterdam: Living with water in public space

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Rotterdam’s adaptation strategy, described in a 2015 C40 case study, covers the safety and liveability of more than 600,000 residents. Its water squares combine public space with stormwater storage; the Benthemplein square is described as able to retain 1.8 million litres. A 2021 study calls the square’s success mixed and points to management and accessibility.

Research question: How can public spaces that store stormwater stay useful and welcoming for neighbours in dry weather?
Conditions for transfer: Local drainage, soil, maintenance budgets, community involvement from the design stage and clear responsibility for management are needed.
What remains unknown: Use and satisfaction across neighbourhoods, long-term maintenance outcomes, and how well the approach protects areas without such projects remain research needs.
Source: C40 Cities · Cities100: Rotterdam, resilience and quality of life go hand in hand (2015-10)
IDOS (formerly DIE) · Resilience through placemaking: public spaces in Rotterdam’s climate adaptation approach (2021)
Checked: 2026-10-06

Asia · Promise registry

Nusantara: A planned capital in a forest landscape

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Construction of Nusantara began in July 2022 in an area of forests and oil palm plantations on Borneo. NASA images from April 2022 to February 2024 show roads cut into the forest. The plan is for 75% of the city to remain forested and for completion by 2045; in April 2026 the authority said about 2,000 staff worked there, with about 4,000 targeted by 2028.

Research question: What happens to forests, to nearby communities and to Jakarta when a capital is built in a new place?
Conditions for transfer: Land rights, ecological protection, housing for workers, funding continuity and the future of the former capital must be examined together.
What remains unknown: Land-cover change after 2024, who lives and works in the city, the real pace of construction and funding, and the outcome for Jakarta’s flooding and subsidence remain research needs. NASA describes Jakarta’s subsidence at up to 15 centimetres a year.
Source: NASA Earth Observatory · Nusantara: a new capital city in the forest (2024-02-23)
ANTARA News · Indonesia pushes Nusantara legislative, judicial projects in 2026 (2026-04-02)
Checked: 2026-10-06

Africa · Promise registry

Lagos: Water, informality and a megacity strategy

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The 2020 Lagos Resilience Strategy sets out three pillars, ten goals and 31 initiatives and sub-actions for a city of an estimated 26 million people on 3,577 km². It states that water bodies and wetlands cover over 40% of Lagos and that a further 12% is subject to seasonal flooding, and it lists coastal erosion, flooding and forced evictions among the city’s challenges.

Research question: How can flood and coastal strategies protect waterfront and informal communities instead of moving them away?
Conditions for transfer: Land tenure, livelihoods, drainage maintenance, transport and community participation in mapping and design must be addressed together.
What remains unknown: Delivery of the 31 initiatives and sub-actions, flood outcomes by neighbourhood and the experience of waterfront communities need independent evidence.
Source: Lagos State Government · Lagos Resilience Strategy (2020)
Checked: 2026-10-06

Africa · Promise registry

Cape Town: Water security and demand management after the 2017-2018 drought

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A SIWI article (2020) reports that the drought alarm first sounded in the summer of 2017, that use was restricted to 50 litres per person per day in 2018, and that consumption stood at about 650 million litres per day in November 2019, against 1,200 to 1,500 million litres per day in peak summer months before the drought. The City's 2019 Water Strategy, as described by UCT News, commits to alternative sources (desalination, reuse, groundwater) adding more than 300 million litres per day over ten years and expects the supply share from storage dams to fall to about 75% by 2040 from the current 95%. In a City statement of 2 January 2026 the City set a summer usage target of less than 975 million litres per day and reported average use of 1 025 MLD on 31 December 2025, with dams at 70.5%; the City's weekly report for 7 October 2026 shows total storage at 75.4%. The case links water supply, wastewater treatment and reuse, treated-effluent networks and municipal procurement and finance.

Research question: How do voluntary summer usage targets, dam storage and the timing of new-water projects interact in Cape Town's water supply planning?
Conditions for transfer: Rainfall and dam storage in the year concerned, the status of restrictions and tariffs, the pace of the New Water Programme projects, and the period and basis of each consumption figure would need to be examined together before any lesson could transfer elsewhere.
What remains unknown: The sources give the target for new sources as 'by 2030' (2022 report of the programme) and as 'by the mid-2030s' (City, September 2026); the reason and scope of the difference is not stated in the pages read. The Water Strategy document itself could not be opened, so its figures are taken from a university news article, and consumption figures from different years are not on a common basis.
Source: Stockholm International Water Institute · How Cape Town saved itself from Day Zero (2020-04-09)
University of Cape Town News · Cape Town's Water Strategy: what to watch (2019-07-22)
SAnews (South African Government News Agency) · City of Cape Town urges public to save water (2026-01-02)
City of Cape Town · Dam levels (weekly report, news and notices) (2026-10-07)
City of Cape Town · City begins procurement for Faure New Water Scheme (news and notices) (2026-09-25)
SAnews (South African Government News Agency) · Capetonians urged to use water sparingly (2022-08-04)
City of Cape Town · Water restrictions explained (2026)
Checked: 2026-10-07

Asia · Promise registry

Singapore: Green Plan 2030: trees, public transport, buildings and waste targets

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The Singapore Green Plan 2030 was launched in February 2021 and is organised in five pillars, according to its official overview. Its targets page (last updated 31 March 2026) lists, for 2030, planting 1 million more trees, a 75% peak-period mass public transport modal share, around 1,300 km of cycling paths, greening 80% of buildings by gross floor area, and a 30% cut in waste sent to landfill per capita per day. NParks reported in April 2023 that over 500,000 trees had been planted since March 2020 and said it expected to reach one million by end 2027. The case links green space, transport, buildings and waste under one national plan.

Research question: How do the Green Plan's separate 2030 targets for trees, transport, buildings and waste interact in the same land-scarce city, and which published indicators show this?
Conditions for transfer: Before any lesson could transfer, the national-scale governance of a city-state, its land-use constraints, the baseline years used for each target and the reporting methods for each indicator would need to be examined together.
What remains unknown: The pages read give targets and dates but, for transport, buildings and waste, no current measured values; the 2023 tree count in the NParks release is older than the 2026 targets page and has not been reconciled with a newer official count.
Source: Singapore Green Plan 2030 · Our Targets (2026-03-31)
Singapore Green Plan 2030 · Overview (2026)
National Climate Change Secretariat · Transport (Singapore's climate action) (2026-07-09)
Ministry of Transport · Sustainable Land Transport (2026-08-25)
NParks · More than half a million trees planted with the community (OneMillionTrees) (2023-04-15)
Checked: 2026-10-07

Asia · Promise registry

Seoul: Emissions target, Climate Card and flood works in a dense metropolis

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The Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG) states a target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the Seoul area by 50% compared with 2005 by 2033, from 52.34 million tonnes in 2005 to 25.67 million tonnes in 2033 (page dated 2024-05-13). For transport, SMG's January 2026 release reports more than 17 million cumulative Climate Card recharge transactions and average daily usage of about 720,000 people as of November 2025; the card was announced in 2023 at 65,000 won a month for subway, bus and public bike. For flooding, SMG's 2023 page plans deep underground rainwater tunnels at three sites and a rise in design rainfall capacity from 95 mm to 100-110 mm per hour. The case links emissions, public transport pricing and stormwater infrastructure in one city administration.

Research question: How do Seoul's emissions target, its transport pricing scheme and its flood-drainage investments interact in budgets, timelines and measured outcomes?
Conditions for transfer: Before any lesson could transfer elsewhere, one would need to examine fare policy and who funds it, the city's building and transport emissions structure, its terrain and river-and-sewer system, and the national-level policies it operates within.
What remains unknown: The pages read do not report measured emissions reductions or modal shift attributable to the Climate Card. The completion year for the deep tunnels is stated as 2027 in a 2023 SMG page and as 2030 in a 2026 news report.
Source: Seoul Metropolitan Government · Seoul Aims to Cut Carbon Emissions by 50 Percent From 2005 Levels by 2033 to Lower Temperatures (2024-05-13)
Seoul Metropolitan Government · Climate Card Marks Two Years, Expands Seoul's Transport Welfare to Model Nationwide (2026-01-02)
Seoul Metropolitan Government · Unlimited public transportation with 65,000 won monthly Climate Card (2023-09-19)
Seoul Metropolitan Government · Comprehensive measures to prevent damages from storms and flooding (2023-05-11)
The Asia Business Daily · Expanding "Rainwater Bowls" and Using AI for Prevention... Seoul Steps Up Storm and Flood Preparedness (2026-05-11)
Checked: 2026-10-07

Europe · Promise registry

Copenhagen: Climate strategy to 2035, a cloudburst plan and a long-running cycling strategy

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The City of Copenhagen reports that its council adopted Climate Strategy 2035 (press release of 2025-09-18), which replaces the KBH2025 climate plan and sets three aims: a climate-positive city area, a halved global climate footprint and halved emissions from municipal procurement. The same release reports that KBH2025 brought the municipality "omkring 80 % af vejen mod klimaneutralitet". For heavy rain, the city's Cloudburst Management Plan (adopted 2012 according to C40) plans 300 projects over about 20 years; Climate-ADAPT (2016) gives their combined cost as DKK 11 bn at 2015 prices, while a 2022 peer-reviewed article reports that 11% of EUR 1.8 bn earmarked had been disbursed. The city also lists a cycling strategy for 2011-2025 and about 400 km of cycle tracks. The case links energy and transport emissions, surface and sewer water management, and the street space used by bicycles.

Research question: How do the carbon, stormwater and cycling measures in Copenhagen share street space, budgets and planning timelines, and where do they conflict or reinforce each other?
Conditions for transfer: Before any lesson could transfer, examine together the city's climate and water-utility financing model, the role of national and regional government, rainfall and sea-level conditions, existing sewer systems and the density of the street network. Compare how cost figures, price years and emission boundaries are defined in each document.
What remains unknown: The sources read here do not give a measured outcome for the 2025 carbon-neutrality aim beyond the city's own statement of about 80 percent of the way, and do not report completed cloudburst projects in the pages read. Cycling figures could only be taken from an undated city page; the Bicycle Account PDFs could not be read.
Source: Københavns Kommune (Klima-, Miljø- og Teknikforvaltningen) · København har vedtaget en ny klimastrategi for de næste 10 år (2025-09-18)
Københavns Kommune, Teknik- og Miljøudvalget · Klimastrategi 2035, møde 4. november 2024 (referat) (2024-11-04)
City of Copenhagen · Climate Strategy 2035 (Urban Development) (2025)
C40 Cities · Cities100: Copenhagen - Green Infrastructure Prevents Flooding (2015-10)
EEA Climate-ADAPT · The economics of managing heavy rains and stormwater in Copenhagen - the Cloudburst Management Plan (2016-06-07)
Buildings & Cities (Whittaker and Jespersen) · Stretching or conforming? Financing urban climate change adaptation in Copenhagen (2022-11-23)
Københavns Kommune · Klimatilpasning i København (2017)
Københavns Kommune (Byudvikling) · Verdens bedste cykelby (2025)
Checked: 2026-10-07

Europe · Promise registry

Barcelona: Superblocks, heat shelters and a low-emission zone: plans and reports

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The sources read describe three linked Barcelona measures. For the Eixample, a 2020 report on the municipal plan speaks of 21 green axes and 21 neighbourhood squares; a 2025 study of three existing superblocks reports a 25% fall in NO2 in Sant Antoni, while a 2019 modelling study estimated 667 avoided premature deaths a year if the original 503-superblock proposal were implemented in full. The low-emission zone covers about 95 km2 and has been in force since 1 January 2020, with a stated aim of cutting PM10 and NOx emissions by up to 39% and 31% within fifteen years. The climate-shelter network was reported at 402 spaces in summer 2025 and at about 500 in summer 2026, with coverage that the sources say falls in August; together these link street space, air quality and heat exposure in one city.

Research question: How do changes in street space, vehicle restrictions and cooled public spaces together alter residents' exposure to air pollution and heat, measured with the same neighbourhood data?
Conditions for transfer: Before any lesson transfers, the baseline of each measure (street grid, vehicle fleet, building stock, climate and the opening hours of public facilities) and the way outcomes were modelled or measured should be examined together. Political and legal changes to the plans over time, and who is counted as covered, also need to be compared.
What remains unknown: The 2024 municipal Climate Plan text could not be read, so its current emission target is not reconciled with the 45% figure in a 2018 article. The sources do not show measured outcomes for the full Eixample green-axes network or for the 2026 shelter network, and shelter counts differ between reports.
Source: Ajuntament de Barcelona · Barcelona + Sostenible, Refugis climàtics 2025 (2025)
3Cat (CCMA) · Refugis climàtics a l'àrea de Barcelona 2025 (2025-06-04)
El Nacional · Barcelona afronta l'estiu del 2026 amb mig miler de refugis climàtics (2026-06-16)
Nació Digital · Barcelona supera els 500 refugis climàtics i mantindrà biblioteques a l'agost (2026-07-16)
Tot Barcelona · Barcelona perd a l'agost gairebé una quarta part dels refugis climàtics (2026-08-05)
Pla Estratègic Metropolità de Barcelona · Zona de Baixes Emissions (ZBE) metropolitana (2020)
3Cat · Consell de Cent serà un eix verd, primer pas per fer de l'Eixample una mena de superilla (2020-11-11)
ISGlobal · Superblocks model could prevent almost 700 premature deaths every year in Barcelona (Mueller et al., Environment International) (2019-09-09)
IDIAP Jordi Gol · Barcelona's superblocks improve quality of life and environmental health (BMC Public Health 2025) (2025-02)
Urban Resilience Hub · Barcelona advances progress on the Paris agreement on climate change (2018-04-25)
Checked: 2026-10-07

North America · Promise registry

Vancouver: Climate Emergency Action Plan targets: emissions, trips, heating systems, rainwater

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Secondary reports on the City of Vancouver's Climate Emergency Action Plan (the city's own pages could not be read) describe a target of reducing carbon emissions 50 percent by 2030, and a 2019 account of the climate emergency response states that two thirds of trips are to be by active transportation and transit by 2030 and that all new and replacement heating and hot water systems are to be zero emissions by 2025. A November 2020 report says 54 percent of the city's emissions come from natural gas burned in buildings and 39 percent from gasoline and diesel burned in vehicles. Statistics Canada reports that the share of public transit commuters in the Vancouver area was 20.5 percent in both May 2016 and May 2024, and a 2024 university study reports barriers to the city's green infrastructure work. The case links buildings, mobility and stormwater planning inside one municipal plan.

Research question: How do the city's targets for emissions, trips and heating systems relate to the measures that are actually published for each year?
Conditions for transfer: Before any lesson could transfer, the building stock and heating fuel, the commuting and trip patterns, the climate and rainfall, and the city's legal powers over private developments need to be examined together.
What remains unknown: The city’s own pages could not be read for this entry, so every figure rests on secondary reports; the sources read do not give reported results for emissions or trip mode share, and the 2019 and 2020 accounts have not been reconciled with the plan’s current wording.
Source: Cities Today · Vancouver's climate plan outlines four 'game changer' actions (2020-11-23)
NEEP · Vancouver Rolls Out Six Big Moves To Counter the Climate Emergency (2019-04-16)
Simon Fraser University · Vancouver faces barriers to green infrastructure implementation (2024-07-17)
Statistics Canada · From home to work: Commuting in Canada's cities, May 2024 (2025-02-03)
Checked: 2026-10-07

North America · Promise registry

New York City: Building emissions limits, cloudburst drainage and congestion pricing in one city

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The city's Department of Buildings states a goal to reduce emissions from the City's largest buildings 40 percent by 2030 and to net zero by 2050 under Local Law 97, which covers buildings above 25,000 gross square feet. A city release of 22 April 2026 reports that approximately 93% of covered privately owned properties, representing 91% of covered buildings, have filed compliance reports. The Mayor's office announced in January 2023 a $390 million programme of four cloudburst sites (Corona, Kissena Park, Parkchester, East New York) to absorb, store and transfer stormwater from sudden heavy downpours. The MTA reported, in January 2025 after the first days of congestion tolling, about 219,000 fewer vehicles entering the zone on weekdays. The case links buildings, water and mobility under one climate framework, with the NYC Panel on Climate Change (NPCC4, published 1 April 2024) as the advisory science body.

Research question: How do building emission limits, stormwater infrastructure and road pricing in New York City interact in the way the city reports and measures their results?
Conditions for transfer: Before any lesson could transfer, the legal basis of each measure, the building stock and ownership structure, the funding source and the measurement method behind each reported figure should be examined together.
What remains unknown: The pages read give filing rates for LL97 reports but not the share of buildings actually within their emission limits; the MTA figures read are from the first weeks of tolling (January 2025) and later periods were not readable; no completion dates for the cloudburst sites were read.
Source: NYC Housing Preservation and Development · New Compliance Data Shows Impact of Local Law 97 to Improve Sustainability in New York City (2026-04-22)
NYC Department of Buildings · LL97 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions (2026-03)
MTA · Fewer cars, faster trips: Congestion Relief Zone (2025-01-14)
Office of the Mayor of New York City · Mayor Adams announces construction of new cloudburst resiliency projects (2023-01-09)
Mayor's Office of Climate and Environmental Justice · NYC Panel on Climate Change (climateassessment.nyc) (2024-04-01)
Checked: 2026-10-07

South America · Promise registry

Bogotá: Mobility: metro Line 1 works, electric buses and cycle lanes

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The District Government of Bogotá reports that works on Metro Line 1 reached 83.73% overall progress in September 2026, on a 23.9 km route with 16 stations, with commercial operation planned for March 2028 (published 6 October 2026). For the bus system, the District announced in June 2025 that 364 electric buses of several types would be renewed, bringing the electric fleet to 1,850 in operation, with gradual entry into operation in 2026. On cycling, the District reports maintenance work on 88.48 km of cycle infrastructure against a 142 km goal of the district development plan, and a plan to build 31 km of new cycle infrastructure (2026 and 2025 pages). The case links rail construction, fleet renewal and cycling infrastructure within one mobility system.

Research question: How do the reported progress of Metro Line 1, the renewal of the electric bus fleet and the cycle network maintenance and expansion fit together in the city's stated mobility plans?
Conditions for transfer: Before any lesson could transfer, the funding and procurement arrangements of the metro and the bus concessions, the local road and station layout, and the district development plan's time frame would need to be examined together.
What remains unknown: The pages read do not reconcile the different electric-bus figures (364, 101 and 711 vehicles, announced at different dates and scopes), and none of them reports ridership or emissions results for the new fleet or for Line 1 after opening.
Source: Alcaldía de Bogotá · Línea 1 del Metro de Bogotá llegó al 83,73 % de avance en septiembre de 2026 (2026-10-06)
Alcaldía de Bogotá · Bogotá contará con 364 nuevos buses eléctricos en TransMilenio (2025-06-26)
Alcaldía de Bogotá · Llegan 101 nuevos buses eléctricos a TransMilenio (2025-04-29)
Infobae · Nuevos buses eléctricos del SITP que ya operan en Bogotá (2026-04-01)
Alcaldía de Bogotá · Herramienta para priorizar el mantenimiento de la cicloinfraestructura (2026-10-02)
Alcaldía de Bogotá · Bogotá refuerza red de ciclorrutas para impulsar movilidad sostenible (2025-02-06)
Checked: 2026-10-07

Oceania · Promise registry

Melbourne: Urban forest canopy target, heat and zero-emissions goals in central Melbourne

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The City of Melbourne's Urban Forest Strategy aims to raise the canopy cover of the public realm to 40% by 2040 (City of Melbourne project page, 2025), and the city reports planting 3000 trees a year since 2012 (2024). The city's open tree register lists 82,064 trees (data modified 2025-09-22), and ten precinct plans are meant to guide planting over 10 years. Separately, the city reports that it declared a climate emergency in 2019 and committed to a zero-emissions target by 2040, and that stormwater harvesting and water-sensitive design capture and reuse about 180,000 kilolitres of water a year. The case links vegetation, heat, emissions and stormwater in one municipal programme, but the sources read here give canopy figures on different bases and years.

Research question: How do the measured public-realm canopy cover, the tree register and the planting rate relate to the 40% by 2040 target, and what share of any cooling or stormwater effect can be traced to them?
Conditions for transfer: Before any lesson could transfer, examine together how canopy is measured (public realm, whole municipality or precinct), planting rate against removals and tree survival, the space left by underground and overhead services, and the local climate and rainfall.
What remains unknown: The official Urban Forest Strategy page and the city's emissions and stormwater pages could not be read, so a current measured canopy figure from the city itself is not confirmed here. The 22% figure (2019, university outlet) and the 'not far beyond 30 per cent' per-precinct statement (2024, local news) are not reconciled.
Source: City of Melbourne (Participate Melbourne) · Greening Roden Street, project overview (2025)
City of Melbourne (Participate Melbourne) · Zero-Carbon and Climate Technology competition (2024)
City of Melbourne (Participate Melbourne) · Zero carbon buildings for Melbourne (2022)
City of Melbourne (Participate Melbourne) · Urban Forest, project overview (2026)
City of Melbourne (Participate Melbourne) · Urban Forest Precinct Plans (2026)
City of Melbourne Open Data Portal · Trees, with species and dimensions (Urban Forest) (2025-09-22)
The Melburnian · City of Melbourne unveils next urban forest plan for inner city (2024-07-31)
Monash Lens · The greening of Melbourne: urban forest plan faces obstacles (2019-10-18)
Checked: 2026-10-07

Europe · Promise registry

Paris: Heat adaptation, schoolyards, trees, cycling and Seine bathing as reported by the city

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The Paris Climate Plan 2024-2030, adopted by the Paris Council in November 2024, restates the aim of carbon neutrality by 2050 and proposes a 50% cut in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 against 2004. For heat adaptation the city pages describe a tree-planting objective of 170,000 by 2026 (129,542 reported planted since November 2020, page updated 2 October 2026) and 'oasis' schoolyards, of which the climate plan provides a total of 360 in 2030 (203 yards and 5 nurseries reported since 2017, page updated January 2025). The city also reports more than 1,400 km of cycle network in 2024 and, for Seine bathing in 2025, that the three Paris sites were open on average two-thirds of days in July and August with close to 100,000 swimmers; water is analysed daily, with sanitary monitoring by the regional health agency (ARS). The case links heat, vegetation and school buildings with street space and river water quality, each reported by different city pages with different counting dates.

Research question: How do the city's counts of oasis schoolyards, trees and cool places relate to measured heat exposure in the neighbourhoods where they are located?
Conditions for transfer: Before any lesson could transfer, the baseline heat exposure of each area, the type of surface replaced, the maintenance of planted trees and the school calendar (use in summer) would need to be examined together with the way each count is defined. For the Seine, flow, rainfall and sewer-overflow conditions would need to be considered alongside the daily bacterial results.
What remains unknown: The city pages read here do not state a measured effect of oasis yards, trees or cool places on temperatures, and the counts of oasis yards differ between pages with different dates and definitions. The numeric bacterial thresholds and closure criteria for Seine bathing are not given on the page read.
Source: Ville de Paris · Les cours oasis (2025-01-15)
Ville de Paris · Comment Paris s'adapte au changement climatique (2025-06-18)
Ville de Paris · Tout savoir sur l'arbre à Paris (2026-10-02)
Ville de Paris · A new cycling plan for a 100% bikeable city (2024-09-04)
Ville de Paris · Ces 5 grandes réalisations déjà permises par les plans environnementaux parisiens (2024-11-05)
Ville de Paris · Baignade dans la Seine : chiffres détaillés liés à la qualité de l'eau (2026-08-19)
Ville de Paris (presse) · Réouverture des sites de baignade en Île-de-France : 8 sites ouverts pour la saison 2026 (2026-06-05)
Agence Parisienne du Climat · Le Plan Climat de la Ville de Paris 2024-2030 : ce qu'il faut retenir (2024)
Checked: 2026-10-07

Updated: 2026-10-07. Sources retain their original publication dates.